Protamines (PRM1 and PRM2) are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones in the final stages of spermiogenesis, ensuring chromatin compaction and nuclear remodeling.Defects in protamination lead to increased DNA fragmentation and reduced male fertility.Since efficient sperm production requires the translocation of protamines from
Phylogenetic relationships among mediophycean diatoms with elliptical valve outline and elevated apices have long been a subject of interest and debate, particularly with respect to their relationship to pennates.However, results remain inconclusive, whether based on vegetative valve morphology, reproduction, or molecular phylogenetic data.Searchin
Introduction and Objective One of the important and effective measures in controlling soil erosion and runoff production is the use of watershed management methods, which is currently receiving less attention.This natural phenomenon is a global environmental problem that reduces soil fertility and water quality, increases sedimentation and the poss
This Makeup Removers paper presents an effective method of network overload management in power systems.The three competing objectives 1) generation cost 2) transmission line overload and 3) real power loss are optimized to provide pareto-optimal solutions.A fuzzy ranking based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is used to solve t